Removal of a supernumerary tooth in the mandibular premolar region: a case report

Abstract

Supernumerary teeth are a developmental anomaly characterized by the presence of dental elements exceeding the normal dental formula. Their occurrence may lead to functional and aesthetic alterations, such as prolonged retention of deciduous teeth, impaction, eruption deviations, and malocclusion, making early diagnosis essential. The use of imaging examinations, especially panoramic radiography and cone-beam computed tomography, is fundamental to determine the location, morphology, and relationship of these teeth with adjacent structures, guiding therapeutic planning. This study describes a clinical case of an adult patient presenting supernumerary teeth in the mandible, initially detected by periapical examination and confirmed by panoramic radiography. The treatment consisted of the surgical extraction of the supernumerary teeth and tooth 34, aiming to restore function, prevent orthodontic complications, and promote adequate dental arch harmony. Surgical management was planned considering tooth position, proximity to anatomical structures, and bone preservation, following a conservative extraction protocol. This case highlights the importance of detailed radiological evaluation and timely intervention, especially in situations involving the risk of functional impairment or aesthetic compromise. It is concluded that early detection and appropriate treatment of supernumerary teeth significantly contribute to the prevention of sequelae, facilitate dental alignment, and ensure a better prognosis for patients.